Abstract Agricultural sustainability is at the heart of global food security, especially in the face of climate change, resource depletion, and a rapidly growing population. Advances in crop biotechnology, particularly through gene editing and genetic modification—have revolutionized how we approach crop improvement. This article explores the evolution of crop biotechnology, delineates the differences between gene … Read more
Smog—a harmful mixture of air pollutants including ground-level ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter—has become a critical environmental issue. It doesn’t just harm human health but profoundly impacts plant life, ecosystems, and global agriculture. This silent crisis is more pervasive than ever, with far-reaching consequences for vegetation and food production. As smog levels … Read more
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are critical regulators of plant growth, development, and environmental stress adaptation. These small, organic molecules interact with nucleic acids, proteins, and membranes, influencing various biological processes. Current research is intensifying around polyamine biosynthesis due to their potential to enhance crop resilience, productivity, and stress tolerance in the face … Read more
Plant hormones, or phytohormones, are vital chemical messengers that regulate almost every aspect of plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Despite being produced in minuscule amounts, they exert powerful control over processes like seed germination, root and shoot development, flowering, fruit ripening, and plant responses to stress conditions. An understanding of the role … Read more