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Why Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is used in MS media

Introduction to Ammonium Nitrate in MS Medium Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is a critical component of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, playing an important role in plant growth and tissue culture. Its

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Understanding Reactive Oxygen Species Biosynthesis in Plants: Effects, Scavenging, and Hormonal Regulation

Introduction to Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Plants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are a group of highly reactive molecules derived from the reduction of molecular oxygen. In the context of plant biology,

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Breeding of Horticultural Crops: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction to Horticultural Crop Breeding Horticultural crop breeding (HCB) focuses on improving the characteristics of various crops, including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants. HCB plays an important role in enhancing food production,

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Somaclonal Variations and Epigenetics Role in Tissue Culture

Introduction to Somaclonal Variations Somaclonal variation refers to the genetic diversity that arises in plants through in vitro tissue culture techniques. This phenomenon occurs when cells or tissues cultured in a controlled

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Potato Micropropagation: A Key to Sustainable Agriculture

What is Potato Micropropagation? Potato micropropagation is an invitro technique used to produce a large number of plants from a small amount of tissue. This method is crucial for enhancing potato production,

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The Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathway in Plants

Overview of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Brassinosteroids are a class of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes essential for plant growth and development. These phytohormones are involved in

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Essential Post-Harvest Machinery and Equipment for Horticulture Operations

Mehr Ullah khan Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. Introduction to Post-Harvest(PH) Machinery Post-harvest (PH) operations are crucial in horticulture, ensuring that the produce is handled, stored, and transported

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Pre-Harvest and Postharvest Factors Affecting Quality

Sidra Yaseen Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. Introduction to Quality Factors Maintaining the quality of table produce is critical for enhancing consumer satisfaction and market value. Both pre-harvest

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Exploring Horticulture Shipments from Pakistan: A Guide for Local and Foreign Markets

Muhammad Sarim Bhatti Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. Understanding Horticulture Shipments The horticulture industry in Pakistan is rapidly growing, with a significant emphasis on both local and foreign

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Understanding Indices of Crop Maturity and Harvesting in Horticulture

Tayyaba Department of Horticulture, University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan. Introduction to Crop Maturity Indices In horticulture, determining the right time for harvesting is crucial for ensuring optimal yield and quality. The

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